I just stumbled upon the function snd_intel8x0_inside_vm(), and quite frankly the code seems bizarre: /* detect KVM and Parallels virtual environments */ result = kvm_para_available(); #ifdef X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR result = result || boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR); #endif if (!result) goto fini; Why don't we simply rely on the PCI SSIDs? -hpa