Dear all, I have a question that really puzzles me, I wonder if someone can explain to me what I'm doing wrong... :-|

I have programmed an ALSA driver for an embedded device, everything works fine and all the application use my driver without any glitches. The snd_pcm_hardware for this device is defined as following:

static const struct snd_pcm_hardware ep93xx_pcm_hardware = { .info= SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER, .rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000, .rate_min = 8000, .rate_max = 48000, .channels_min = 2, .channels_max = 2, .formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_LE, .buffer_bytes_max = 131072, .period_bytes_min = 512, .period_bytes_max = 32768, .periods_min = 1, .periods_max = MAX_PERIODS, .fifo_size = 32, };

Then I tried to program a test application that uses the hardware device directly (without using alsa-lib to convert the format and so on). I open the device as following:

if ((err = snd_pcm_open (&playback_handle, "hw:0,0", SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0)) < 0) {

Everything works fine until I try to write data to the stream. I tried both SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED and SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED, but I always have the following problem.

When I want to write data to the stream, I have to "reverse" the byte order, otherwise I hear noise on the speaker. The system I am working on is little-endian (it has cirrus ep93xx arm core), so I assume I could write data directly to the buffer. Here is what I have to do:

// fill the buffer for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) { int sample = (int)(20000.0f * sin((float)i * 2.0f * M_PI / 512.0f)); int reversed; char *src = (char *)(&sample); char *dst = (char *)(&reversed); dst[0] = src[3]; dst[1] = src[2];

dst[2] = src[1];

dst[3] = src[0]; *(buffer++) = reversed; *(buffer++) = reversed; }

It this normal? I thought that since the system is little-endian and the format of the driver is S24_LE, I could copy the data directly to the stream (either using snd_pcm_writei or snd_pcm_mmap_begin).

I think the driver is ok, since all the applications run with no problem at all. Can someone explain to me how/why the applications such as aplay/arecord work ok?

Every help is greatly appreciated Thanks in advance Andrea

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