Hi everybody.

Linux provides a USB Audio Class (UAC) driver on the USB host side, but a UAC gadget driver on the USB device side is currently missing.

Considering plugging in this hole, I'm looking at userspace <-> kernelspace APIs.

In a nutshell (let's consider recording, where the device appears to the host as a USB microphone), the kernel driver needs to be fed with audio data from a userspace application and stream those data on USB. Audio data can come from a real microphone (through an ALSA driver), a file, a network socket, ... the driver will not care.

I need an API to transfer audio data from userspace to kernelspace. I initially thought about ALSA, but it turns out some assumptions made by ALSA are not fulfilled by my system. One of the most serious problems is that the UAC gadget driver doesn't have any audio clock. The only hardware clock available is the USB device controller interrupts generated at the USB transfer rate, and those are much faster than the audio sample rate. This will cause buffer underruns that I need to handle.

I can thing of 3 solutions to solve this issue, and I'd like your opinion on them.

1. Get the userspace application to provide a clock to the driver. This could be done by writing to a /proc file, a special char device, or even by adding an ioctl to ALSA. Every time the driver receives a clock tick it would transfer one period of data.

2. Find out how much data is available in the ALSA ring buffer. I could then throttle USB interrupts when no data is available in the buffer and try again later. ALSA maintains a read and a write pointer (hw_ptr and appl_ptr) that can be accessed through the snd_pcm_*_avail() functions. However, I'm not sure how to handle proper locking, and I don't understand how runtime->boundary interacts with those functions. I've also heard that there's a free-running mode that will make those functions return bogus values. I'd appreciate help on this.

3. Use another API (dedicated character device, socket, ...) to transfer audio data from userspace to kernelspace. ALSA is way too big for my requirements (2 layers of abstraction, architectured around assumptions that make sense for real sound cards but not for my hardware, ...). On the other hand, it would be handy to use existing ALSA applications to driver the device.

I'd appreciate comments regarding the API choice. How do you all expect to push data from a userspace application to a UAC driver on the device side ? If ALSA is *the* way, is one of the above solutions practical or is there a better way ?

Best regards,

Laurent Pinchart